疫情防控呼唤着医学人文的彰显和学科建设

疫情防控需要医学科学的严谨,也需要医学人文的温暖。此次抗击新型冠状病毒疫情中,时有医学人文缺失的现象。疫情防控中重视和发挥医学人文精神和人文关怀的特殊作用,践行医学人文对于落实以人为本具有现实意义和作用。高等医药院校应积极发挥医学人文学科专业优势,通过心理援助、疫情防控依法合规建言献策、承担委托课题等提供智力支持,并以此为契机,大力加强医学人文教育和学科专业建设,提升水平。     

Early elbow osteoarthritis in competitive enduro motorcyclist

This case report speculates that prolonged vibration from enduro off-road sport is deleterious for the elbow joint. This contribution could also aid sports physicians in better understanding this complex unknown phenomenon. No published data are present in the current literature that demonstrates the correlation between early elbow osteoarthritis in enduro motorcyclist overuse.     

各地区中医药预防新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)方案分析

分析湖北省武汉市新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情蔓延后各地区发布的中医药预防方案,探究其规律,更好地指导临床用药。收集互联网上发布的新闻和通报,自2019年12月8日官方通报的武汉首例不明原因肺炎发病病例至2020年2月1日北京、天津等地区的13项含中药处方的中医药预防COVID-19的方案。13项预防方案中多用黄芪、玉屏风散等中药和方剂补"正气";由于疫情发于冬季,预防方案体现因时制宜的原则;北方8个地区多使用麦冬、玄参等滋阴润燥中药,南方5个地区多用苍术、藿香等芳香除湿中药,预防方案体现因地制宜的原则;根据人群体质不同采用不同处方,体现因人制宜的原则。此外,还应重视隔离病原、起居有节、调节情志、饮食营养、适当运动等预防措施。COVID-19的中医药预防应注重补正气,根据不同气候、不同地区、不同人群辨证用药,重视综合预防,灵活运用各种措施,达到最佳预防效果。     

Systematic review of acceptability,cardiovascular, neurological,bone health and HRT outcomes following risk reducing surgery in BRCA carriers

Primary surgical prevention in the form of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is the most effective option and the gold standard for ovarian cancer (OC) risk-reduction, particularly given the absence of an effective national OC screening programme. However, premenopausal RRSO leads to premature surgical menopause with detrimental long-term health sequelae particularly in women who do not/are unable to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT uptake in women undergoing pre-menopausal oophorectomy appears low and is dependent on informed counselling, the safety of HRT and efficacy in mitigating the health sequelae of premature menopause. Acceptance of a central role for the fallopian tube in OC etiopathogenesis, coupled with the detrimental consequences of premature menopause, has led to the attractive proposal of early-salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy as an alternative OC surgical prevention strategy in premenopausal women who have completed childbearing but decline or wish to delay RRSO. The successful implementation of risk reducing surgery for OC prevention depends on the acceptability of surgery to both, recipients (e.g. BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers) and intervention deliverers (healthcare professionals/researchers). Acceptability is also informed by an understanding of health outcomes following risk reducing surgery and the safety of HRT. It is therefore vital to understand the effects of surgery on important health outcomes such as cardiovascular health, neurological function and bone health. We present a comprehensive review of acceptability, the selected health outcomes mentioned above and HRT safety following risk reducing surgery.     

植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗次生代谢产物的影响

目的:研究植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗根、茎、叶次生代谢产物的影响。方法:通过温室盆栽试验,分别对未种植过刺五加的土壤(1组),连续3年种植刺五加的土壤(2组)和多年种植刺五加的土壤(3组),分别种植刺五加1年生幼苗,并对其根、茎、叶的次生代谢产物进行分析。结果:L-苯丙氨酸,原儿茶酸,刺五加苷B,绿原酸,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁,金丝桃苷,槲皮素在多年生长刺五加土壤种植,对刺五加幼苗叶和根均有显著性差异,但在茎中绿原酸和刺五加苷E无显著性差异。其中刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁和金丝桃苷在多年生刺五加土壤种植的幼苗叶中未检出。在刺五加幼苗的根中,多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈;在刺五加幼苗的茎中,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,金丝桃苷,槲皮素呈现负反馈;在刺五加幼苗的叶中多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈。结论:植物和土壤在刺五加幼苗生长过程不同部位呈现出不同的反馈情况,整体而言,未种植过刺五加的土壤对刺五加幼苗的次生代谢产物更具优势。研究结果为阐述植物-土壤反馈对刺五加的影响提供研究基础,并为人工栽培刺五加提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

How to implement guidelines and models of care

In subjects older than 50 years, the presence of clinical risk factors (CRFs) for fractures or a recent fracture is the cornerstone for case finding. In patients who are clinically at high short- and long-term risk of fractures (those with a recent clinical fracture or with multiple CRFs), further assessment with bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), imaging of the spine, fall risk evaluation and laboratory examination contributes to treatment decisions according to the height and modifiability of fracture risk. Treatment is available with anti-resorptive and anabolic drugs, and from the start of treatment a lifelong strategy is needed to decide about continuous, intermittent, and sequential therapy. Implementation of guidelines requires further initiatives for improving case finding, public awareness about osteoporosis and national policies on reimbursement of assessment and therapy.     

重视腹壁疝术后并发症预防及处理

腹壁疝手术的目的是修复腹壁缺损并恢复功能，而手术成功的基础是尽量避免手术后出现并发症。腹壁疝术后的常见并发症包括复发、手术部位感染、血清肿、精索并发症、神经并发症、腹腔器官损伤、腹腔内粘连和补片感染等，发生的原因不尽相同。通过建立技术培训制度、构建疝和腹壁外科的质量控制体系、建立疝病病人登记注册制度和不良事件报告制度等，有助于减少腹壁疝术后并发症发生，进一步提高我国疝和腹壁外科的诊疗水平。